Abstract

There is evidence of decoupling between top-down directives/guidelines and real-life data regarding the implementation of Patient Blood Management (PBM) programs in Italy. This letter suggests that bottom-up initiatives should be stimulated through the diffusion of the culture of PBM, while funding from the health authorities is needed to facilitate audit and benchmarking of the implementation process.

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Authors

Marco Catarci - General Surgery Unit, "Sandro Pertini" Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy; Italian Surgical Association (Associazione Chirurghi Ospedalieri Italiani [ACOI]), Rome, Italy; Italian Colorectal Anastomotic Leakage (iCral) study group https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-0114

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